Construction is an art as well as the science of creating objects. Being a diversified field of effective collaboration, it includes the erection, maintenance, and repair of buildings and other immobile structures and building roads and service facilities. It delivers buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, structural additions, and alterations. Typically designed as the process of planning, designing, executing, building, and covering repairs, maintenance, and improvement of work.

In the Bronze Age, craftsmen, bricklayers, and carpenters appeared. And around 3000 years ago, Egyptians started building large structures from stone and baked brick; the most prominent examples of this can be seen in the 2,500-years-old Guatemala temple, constructed with hand-covered stone.

Channelising and removing all the ancient architecture, the roots of construction can be traced back to North America, the origin of residences and shelters in colonies that gave rise to agriculture.

Taj Mahal, Great Wall of China, Pyramids of Egypt, Grist Mills, Water Mills, and Windmills are some historical examples of sustainable construction. In 1796, the industry started using Cast-iron pillars to Construct ten stories, and by the 19th Century, 14 to 15 stories equipped with elevators were raised to 100 stories.

Today construction is the leading industry, counting for 10% of global GDP and 7% of the global workforce employment, which is 273 million people. During the pandemic, the construction industry’s output dropped to 2.4% in 2020 and rose to 5.8% in 2022.

Today’s industry trend demands Lighter, Stronger Metallic, and Synthesis products. These new products withstand natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes and more than 40% of Construction Projects are fast-track in the 21^st Century. Taiwan, Malesia, and Hong Kong have boosted their economy by accelerating the construction sector for a vibrant economy. On the same line, Malaysia and China are using the same strategy by rebuilding cities and highways.

Every segment construction project needs a unique team to plan, design, construct and maintain the project. Industrial Construction needs a high expertise team in planning, cost estimating, and designing the construction, whereas Infrastructure Construction, also known as heavy civil engineering, includes large public work, dams, bridges, highways, railways, and wastewater utility distribution. Hence, they need highly trained project managers highly supervised by a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer, and project architect.

Owners of the company projects or clients are the driving force behind the construction industry. Architects, structural designers, and construction managers supply specifications, methods, statements, design, and schedule of the project and perform supervision and quality control functions. The constructor ensures that the work is done and delivered on time.

In big construction projects, a bid for work secures them. Club under the conglomerate of prime constructors, and subcontractors, engage their own minor and petty contractors and vendors for various work to a network of thousands of contracting farms for carrying out contractual activities in a time-bound framework.

The Multiplicity of Agencies:

Multiple agencies work in many governments and semi-government municipal committees. Planning with the Mining Department, Forest Department, Safety Inspectors, Fire Department, Labor Department, Director of Industries, Local Police and Administration, Sales Tax, Income Tax, Excise Department, and various other public departments is done in towns and across the nation. On a typical construction site, never-ending clearance certificates are also invited.

• Complexity: Construction Industry is complex in nature. High-tech, highly mechanized tools, and equipment plant machinery are needed.
• Uniqueness: Every construction project is unique and different in its own nature. Two identical bridges are to be constructed because of the location issues such as soil and subsoil, which may introduce many variations.
• Quality of Supervision: Quality supervision of high order is needed for every site. A small deviation in parameters such as Time, Cost, and Quality may affect variations in the Project Cost.
• Mobility: Vertical, Horizontal movement of materials, human resources, equipment etc., are continuously changing. Construction industries affect all sectors of the economy.
• Linkage to Other Industry: Linkage to this Industry and High-Value addition provides sustainable growth to every economic sector. Surveying Companies, Architecture engineering firms’ inspection services, project management firms, model creating firms, plumbing, heating, central air condition, electrical wiring, lighting equipment, elevators, and escalators depend on the Construction Industry.
• Organizational setup: Public/Private Government sectors are not designed for administrative structure in highly dependent and conflict-prone environments.
• Safety Hazards: The accident rate on site is higher than in other industries.
• Labor Quality: Labor productivity largely depends on the quality of the labour workforce available in each geographical area. Poor quality of construction is major concern because of the unskilled workforce.
• Productivity Dependency: Supply and demand of material and workforce affect construction site productivity. Planning, designing and execution control and maximizing productivity.

Technology advancement in ERP systems helps project managers to develop successful plans for civil engineering projects from the start of work through completion, as well as throughout the construction life cycle. Thus, Most of the ERP software helps from planning, Project control to the cost and revenue estimation to avoid project failures because of labour cost and deadline meetups, raw material planning, HR, and design developments. Real-time project tracking, streamlining operations with the simplified information exchange.

Construction Industry in India Scenario:

1. Construction Industry is rising by 7 to 8 % annually, and by 2025 India will be 3^rd largest market in the world.
2. Indian Construction Industry requires 30 million people with Assets of ₹200 billion, which includes the inclusion of more than 200 firms in the Corporate Sector.
3. The Indian Construction industry is the country’s least productive and competitive industry.
4. The Real Estate Segment includes Hotels, Office, Residence, retails, and Leisure Parks.

Infrastructure opportunities in India:

Union Budget 2022-23 of GOI has done high budgetary allocation for the infrastructure sector of ₹10 lakh Cr (US$130.57 Million). National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) is expanding 9335 projects. Private investment into physical and social infrastructure leads to a high US $5 trillion economic growth by 2024-25.

The Prime Minister of the Government of India has launched the Gati Shakti-National Master plan for Multi-modal Connectivity. Gati Shakti-the digital platform will bring 16 Ministries, including Railways, Roadways together for integrated planning and coordinated implementation of infrastructure connectivity projects.

This infrastructure scheme includes Bharatmala, Sagarmala, inland waterways, dry/land ports, UDAN development of special economic zones, textiles, clusters, pharmaceutical clusters, defense corridors, electronic parks, industrial corridors, fishing clusters, Agri zones will be covered to make Indian business more competitive. Technologies like Spatial planning tools developed by ISRO and BISAG-N (Bhaskar Acharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geoinformatics are needed).

Moreover, cargo-related Mumbai port trust projects include expanding petroleum oil and lubricant, bunkering terminal, faculty for LNG handling (clean energy), and Barging of containers between JNPT and Mumbai. Berth of coastal facilities like Indira Dock for coastal cargo, erection of temporary soils for bulk commodities.

Improving Rail Connectivity – Connectivity through dedicated government company Indian Port Railway and Ropeway Company Ltd.

Sea Tourism Projects of Mumbai Port Trust – Projects through International Cruise Terminal (ICT), Mumbai port waterfront for seaside Restaurants, Amphitheatre, Domestic Cruise Terminal, Marina, Floating Restaurants, and Harbor Cruises Water Taxis etc.

Ro-Pax Terminal– Waterways, Ropeways best Sewri to Elephanta (8K.M s-₹700Crc projects)

• NITI Aayog and Quality Control of India (QCI) launched the “National program and Project Management Policy Framework” (NPMPF) announced to establish Industrial Parks inside its power projects.
• Indian Oil Corporation announced 10,000 EV charging stations in India by 2024 to fortify the country’s EV infrastructure.
• The Dubai government of industrial parks, IT towers, multipurpose towers, logistic centres, a medical college, and a specialized hospital in Jammu and Kashmir.
• ~12% ICRA will increase the cement production in India
• The US plans to introduce 574 projects worth $82 billion in the country’s seaport under the Sagarmala Project.

REL-(NPTC) – 100% subsidiary to 470 MW solar projects in Rajasthan and 200 MW solar projects in Gujarat. Adani Group has signaled Green to invest US$ 20 billion over the next ten years in renewable energy generation and component manufacturing.

In September 2021, Larsen and Toubro (L&T) demonstrated its hydrocarbon engineering and water-effluent treatment, power transmission, and distribution capability during Dubai Expo.

BHEL’s collaborative initiatives to address the growing demand potential in Railway Transportation, including Metro and Suburban Railways, include an initiative with Indian Railways for setting up a Greenfield Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit (MEMU) Coach Factory in Rajasthan.

• February 2021, GMR Group signed an MoU with Airbus to explore collaboration opportunities across aviation services, technologies, and innovation.
• JLL Report stated that warehousing demand is expected to grow ~160% to reach 35 million sq. ft. in 2021.
• Investment in the logistics sector is expected to reach US$ 500 billion annually by 2025 to contribute to a US$ 5 trillion economy in 2025.
• India needs to construct 43,000 houses every day until 2022 to achieve the vision of Housing for All by 2022.

100% foreign direct investment (FDI) in the construction industry is allowed under the automatic route for urban infrastructures such as urban transport, water supply, sewerage, and sewage treatment. Thereby to contribute to the 9 % share in India’s GDP, it is expected that 51 Million people can be employed, and thus the construction Industry in India is expected to reach $1.4 TN by 2025.

Construction business Rules and Regulation

Real Estate Regulation Authority (RERA) benefits the homebuyers, developers, industry, penalties under RERA, and project registration to become RERA-approved broker.

College of Management, the finest sector-specific business school, has launched programs in association with CREDAI to upskill any background. CREDAI represents 13000+ developments across 217 city chapters in 21 states. Graduates work in the back offices and grow in their careers.

Program Benefits:

• Helps to enhance technology trends. In mega township projects, to overcome challenges of disaster-resistant houses, Mass transportation, Heavy raw material ordering, and robotics-controlled construction monitoring, the use of Man less vehicle technology understanding trend is the need of the hour.
• Students get the benefit of Designing, Planning, and Consultancy opportunities as well as can do skilled consultancy sever in the timely delivery of tasks like brickwork, formwork, centring, Decentering, DE Shutting, shutting, and equipment service etc.
• Students can start their own Entrepreneur journey by identifying the financial opportunities, thereby investing in Assets, tools, plant equipment, M/C may, cent erg etc.
• Training skilled labour by formally completing apprentice programs such as brickwork, masonry, and welding.